Currently, only 1% of British homes use heat pumps, but the government aims for 80% adoption in 25 years to meet climate goals. Heat pumps operate like a "fridge in reverse," transferring heat from outside to inside using evaporation and condensation. Despite their complexity, they are three times more efficient than gas boilers, even in cold weather, according to a government-backed study. 

While heat pumps require electricity, their efficiency lies in extracting "free" energy from the environment. With the UK's increasing use of renewable energy, heat pumps are seen as a crucial element in achieving a net-zero electricity grid by 2035.

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