Air-source heat pumps, operating like a refrigerator in reverse, have proven magical in Oxford, maintaining warmth even in -10°C winters. Over a year, the installed pump slashed home energy use and carbon footprint by 60%. Extracting solar or geothermal heat efficiently, these pumps deliver 2-4 units of heat per unit of electricity. 

While global heat pump sales rose 11% in 2022, challenges include high costs, space requirements, and a lack of qualified installers. Government subsidies and grants are emerging, yet fair electricity pricing reflecting renewable cost advantages is crucial. District-level pumps and hybrid community-scale solutions might offer efficient, affordable alternatives for widespread low-carbon heating adoption.