Low emission heat pumps may have a key role in fighting against climate change, but there are still some obstacles in their implementation at the urban district level.

There are two types of heat pumps which do not need internal fuel source: air source heat pumps which use thermal energy from outside of the building, and ground and water-source heat pumps which rely on natural heat piped from beneath surface level and water, or a direct water source.

North Europe is currently witnessing a great implementation of heat pumps. For example, Helsinki is reportedly looking at fitting its central city districts with a 500MW heat pump system. This system is predicted to contribute to 40% of the city´s urban heating demand.

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